အေသာကရဲ႕ အကၡရာမ်ား-၁၂ (အပိုင္း-၂)

အတပါသံေဍ ပူဇာ စ ပရပါသံေဍ ဂရဟာ စ ေနာ သိယာ
မိမိဂိုဏ္းကို ခ်ီးက်ဴး၍ တပါးဂိုဏ္းတို႔အား ကဲ့ရဲ႕ျခင္း ခ်ဳပ္ခ်ယ္ျခင္း ႐ႈတ္ခ်ျခင္း မျပဳရာ။
“ႏႈတ္ေစာင့္စည္းပါ”ဆိုတာ ဒါမ်ိဳးကို ေျပာတာပါတဲ့…။

ေဒ၀ါနံပိယ ပိယဒသီမင္းႀကီးသည္ ဂိုဏ္း, ရဟန္း လူတို႔အား အၿမဲမျပတ္ လႉဖြယ္ ပူေဇာ္ဖြယ္အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးတို႔ျဖင့္ လႉဒါန္းပူေဇာ္ေသာ္လည္း ယင္းတို႔ကို ဂိုဏ္းအားလံုး၏ အႏွစ္သာရတိုးပြားျခင္းဟု ေဒ၀ါနံပိယ ပိယဒသီမင္း မယူဆ။ အႏွစ္သာရတိုးပြားျခင္း အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳး႐ွိရာ ႏႈတ္ေစာင့္စည္းျခင္းသည္ အႏွစ္သာရတိုးပြားျခင္း၏ မူလျဖစ္၏။ အသို႔နည္း- မိမိဂိုဏ္းကို ခ်ီးေျမႇာက္လို၍ တပါးဂိုဏ္းကို အက်ိဳးမဲ့ မကဲ့ရဲ႕ရာ။
အခါအားေလ်ာ္စြာ အျခားဂိုဏ္းကို ပူေဇာ္ရာ၏။ သို႔ျဖင့္ မိမိဂိုဏ္းကို ပိုမိုႀကီးမြားေစမည္ျဖစ္၍ အျခားဂိုဏ္းကိုလည္း ေက်းဇူးျပဳသည္မည္၏။ ထိုသို႔မဟုတ္ပါလွ်င္ မိမိဂိုဏ္းကိုလည္း အားနည္းေအာင္ျပဳသည္မည္၍ အျခားဂိုဏ္းကိုလည္း ဆုတ္ယုတ္ပ်က္စီးေအာင္ ျပဳသည္မည္၏။
မိမိဂိုဏ္းကို ထင္ေပၚေစလိုသျဖင့္ မိမိဂိုဏ္း၀င္ အားလံုးတို႔အား သိမ္း႐ံုးခ်ီးေျမႇာက္ၿပီး တပါးေသာ ဂိုဏ္း၀င္အားလံုးကို သိမ္း႐ံုးကဲ့ရဲ႕ျခင္းသည္ မိမိဂိုဏ္းကို ပ်က္စီးေအာင္ ဖ်က္ဆီးသည္ မည္၏။
တဂိုဏ္းႏွင့္တဂိုဏ္း ညီၫြတ္ျခင္းသည္သာ ေကာင္းျမတ္၏။ အသို႔နည္း- အခ်င္းခ်င္း တရားကို နာၾကားရ၏။ ဆည္းကပ္ရ၏။ အသို႔နည္း ဂိုဏ္းအားလံုးသည္ အၾကားအျမင္မ်ား၍ ပညာအေျမာ္အျမင္ႏွင့္ ျပည့္စံုေစရန္ ေဒ၀ါနံပိယ ပိယဒသီမင္း အလို႐ွိ၏။
ထိုထိုတရား၌ ၾကည္ညိဳသူတို႔လည္း “ေဒ၀ါနံ ပိယ ပိယဒသီမင္းသည္ ေပးလႉျခင္းႏွင့္ ပူေဇာ္ျခင္းတို႔ကို ဂိုဏ္း၏ အႏွစ္သာရ တိုးတက္ႀကီးပြားျခင္းဟု မယူဆ”ဟု ေျပာေဟာၾကရမည္။ သို႔အတြက္ အမ်ိဳးသား တရားအမတ္, အမ်ိဳးသမီးတရားအမတ္, လမ္းခရီးဆို္င္ရာ အမတ္ႏွင့္ အျခားအမတ္အသီးသီးတို႔ကို ခန္႔ထားျခင္းျဖစ္၏။ သို႔ျဖင့္ မိမိဂိုဏ္းဂဏ အႏွစ္သာရ တိုးတက္ႀကီးပြား၍ တရားထြန္းလင္း ေတာက္ပမည္ျဖစ္၏။
(သိရီဓမၼာေသာကမင္းတရားႀကီး၏ ကိုးတိုင္းကိုးဌာန ဗုဒၶဓမၼႏိုင္ငံေတာ္-ဦးေသာ္ဇင္)


His Sacred and Gracious Majesty the King is honoring all sects, both ascetics, and house-holders; by gifts and offerings of various kinds is he honoring them. But His Sacred Majesty does not value such gifts or honors as that how should there be the growth of the essential elements of all religious sects. The growth of this genuine matter is, however, of many kinds. But the root of it is restraint of speech, that is, that there should not be honor of one's own sect and condemnation of others' sects without any ground. Such slighting should be for specified grounds only. On the other hand, the sects of others should be honored for this ground and that. Thus doing, one helps his own sect to grow, and benefits the sects of others, too. Doing otherwise, one hurts his own sect and injures the sects of others. For whosoever honors his own sect and condemns the sects of others wholly from devotion to his own sect, i.e., the thought, " How I may glorify my own sect/' one acting thus injures more gravely his own sect on the contrary. Hence concord alone is commendable, in this sense that all should listen and be willing to listen to the doctrines professed by others. This is, in fact, the desire of His Sacred Majesty, viz., that all sects should be possessed of wide learning and good doctrines. And those who are content in their respective faiths, should all be told that His Sacred Majesty does not value so much gift or external honor as that there should be the growth of the essential elements, and breadth, of all sects.
For this purpose are, indeed, employed the Dharma- mahdmatras, Stri-adhyaksa-mahdmdtms (Mahamatras in charge of, or who were, the superintendents of women), the officers in charge of pastures and other bodies. And the fruit of this is that the promotion of one's own sect takes place as well as the glorification of the Dharma.
(Asoka-R.K. Mookerji)


The Beloved of the Gods, the king Piyadassi, honors all sects and both ascetics and laymen, with gift and various forms of recognition. But the Beloved of the Gods does not consider gifts or honor to be as important as the advancement of the essential doctrine of all sects. This progress of the essential doctrine takes many forms, but its basis is the control of one’s speech, so as not to extol one’s own sect or disparage another’s on unsuitable occasion one should honor another man’s sect, for by doing so one increases the influence of one’s own sect and benefits that of the other man; while by doing otherwise one diminishes the influence of one’s own sect and harms the other man’s. Again, whosoever honors his own sect or disparages that of another man, wholly out of devotion to his own, with a view to showing it in a favorable light, harms his own sect even more seriously. Therefore, concord is to be commended, so that men may hear one another’s principles and obey them. This is the desire of the Beloved of the Gods, that all sects should be well-informed, and should teach that which is good, and that everywhere their adherents should be told, “The Beloved of the Gods does not consider gifts or honor to be as important as the advancement of the essential doctrine of all sects.” Many are concerned with this matter—the officers of Dhamma, the women’s officers, the managers of the state farms, and other classes of offices. The result of this is the increased influence of one’s own sect and glory to Dhamma.
(Asoka and the decline of the Mauryas- Romila Thapar)


King Priyadarsi, the Beloved of the Gods, expresses reverence to all religious denominations, both ascetics and householders and honors them with gifts and favors of various kinds. But, the Beloved of the Gods, does not attach importance to the gifts and honors as much as how should there be the growth of the essence in all religious orders. This growth of essence, however, is manifold. And its root is restraint of speech. What is that? That there should not be the appreciation of one’s own religious order or condemnation of another’s religious order without any occasion; or it may be small on this and that occasion. On the other hand, other sects deserve reverence on this and that occasion. By doing so one causes the growth of his own religious order and benefits the religious orders of others as well. By doing otherwise, one hurts his own religious order and that of others also. The person who honors his own sect and condemns the religious order of others entirely out of the devotion to his own religious order, why? in order that he may elevate his own sect; that person again, by doing so, inflicts more serious injury to his own sect. Hence concourse is desirable in the sense that followers of different religious orders may listen and willingly listen to one another’s Dharma. This, indeed, is the desire of the Beloved of the Gods, that all the religious orders may be possessed of extensive learning and noble doctrines. Those who are devoted to particular religious order should be informed “the Beloved of the Gods, does not attach importance to gifts and reverence—how so? As that there should be the growth of the essential in all the religious orders and also mutual appreciation.” For this purpose are employed the Dharma-mahamatras, superintendents of women and incharge of pastures. And the result of this is that growth of one’s own religious order takes place as well as the exaltation of Dharma.
(Inscriptions of Asoka- N. P. Rastogi)